Jonah or Jonas is
the name given in the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh/Old Testament) to a prophet of the
northern kingdom of Israel in
about the 8th century BC. He is the eponymous central character in the Book of Jonah,
famous for being swallowed by a fish or a whale, depending on translation.
The Book of Psalms, Tehillim in Hebrew (meaning "Praises"), commonly referred to simply
as Psalms or "the Psalms", is the first book of the Ketuvim ("Writings"),
the third section of the Hebrew Bible, and a book of the Christian Old
Testament.
Three is the number of divine perfection in the Bible.
For example, the trinity consists of Father, Son,
and Holy Spirit. There are three qualities of the universe: Time, Space,
and Matter. To exist (except for God) all three are required. Each quality
consists of three elements. Therefore, we live in a trinity of trinities.
●<c.f> Biblical languages
The
New Testament was written in Greek ;
however, The Old Testament was in Hebrew.
Christianity is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion
based on the life
and teachings of Jesus Christ as presented in the New Testament. Christianity is
the world's largest religion, with over 2.4 billion adherents, known as
Christians. Christians believe that Jesus is the Son of God and the savior
of humanity whose coming as Christ or the Messiah was prophesied in the Old Testament.
>>Major denominations: The three primary divisions of
Christianity are Roman Catholicism, Eastern
Orthodoxy, and Protestantism.
a. Catholic
vulgate:is a late fourth-century Latin translation of the Bible that became,
during the 16th century, the Catholic Church's officially promulgated Latin version of
the Bible.
The translation was largely the work of St. Jerome, who, in 382, was commissioned
by Pope Damasus I to revise the Vetus Latina("Old
Latin") collection of biblical texts in Latin then in use by the Church. Once
published, it was widely adopted and eventually eclipsed the Vetus Latina and, by the 13th century,
was known as the "versio vulgata" (the
"version commonly-used") or, more simply, in Latin as vulgata or
in Greek as βουλγάτα ("Vulgate").
b. King James Bible: is an English
translation of the
Christian Bible for the Church of England that begun in
1604 and completed in 1611.
With the development of stereotype
printing at the beginning of the 19th century,
this version of the Bible became
the most widely printed book in history, almost all
such printings presenting the standard text of 1769 extensively re-edited by
Benjamin Blayney at Oxford; and nearly always omitting the books of the
Apocrypha. Today the unqualified title 'King James Version' commonly identifies
this Oxford standard text.
c. Luther Bible: The Luther Bible is a
German language Bible translation from Hebrew and ancient
Greek by Martin Luther. The New Testament was first published in 1522 and the
complete Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments and Apocrypha, in 1534.
●The Lord is my shepherd —Psalm 23: "Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I fear no evil, for You are with me."
In the 23rd Psalm in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament,
the writer describes God as his Shepherd. The text,
beloved by Jews and Christians alike, is often alluded to in popular media and has
been set to music many times.
Notable episodes in his life include his
travels with his uncle Abram (Abraham), his
flight from the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah,
during which Lot's wife became a pillar of salt,
and the seduction by his daughters so that they could bear children.
>>Lot's
wife: The Book
of Genesis describes how she became a pillar of
salt after she looked back at Sodom.
>>Sodom and Gomorrah: were cities mentioned in the Book of
Genesis. Divine
judgment by God was then passed
upon Sodom and Gomorrah and two neighboring cities, which were completely
consumed by fire and brimstone. Sodom and
Gomorrah have been used as metaphors for vice and homosexuality viewed as a
deviation.
The ancient legend of Orpheus and Eurydice concerns
the fateful love of Orpheus of Thrace, son of Apollo and
the muse Calliope, for the beautiful Eurydice (from Eurudike,
"she whose justice extends widely").
→Myth: A short time after this ominous prophecy, Eurydice
was wandering in the forest with the Nymphs, when Aristaeus, a shepherd, saw
her and was beguiled by her beauty. He made advances towards her and began to
chase her when she attempted to flee. As Eurydice sprinted through the forest, she managed
to escape him, but was tragically bitten by a snake and died instantly.
→Orpheus tried to return to the Underworld but a man cannot enter the realm of Hades twice while alive. According
to various versions of the myth, Orpheus started
playing a mourning song with his lyre, calling
for death so that he could be united with Eurydice forever.
In any case, Orpheus died but the Muses decided to save his head and keep it
among the living people to sing forever, enchanting everyone with the lovely
melodies and tones.
●Free Will- is the ability to choose between different possible courses of
action. It is closely linked to the concepts of responsibility,
praise, guilt, sin, and other judgments
which apply only to actions that are freely chosen. It is also connected with
the concepts of advice, persuasion, deliberation, and prohibition.
●The Fall-In Christian theology, the fall of man,
or the fall, is
a term used to describe the transition of the first man and woman from
a state of innocent obedience to God to a state of guilty
disobedience.
→ At first, Adam and
Eve lived with God in the Garden
of Eden, but the serpent tempted them into eating
the fruit from the tree of
knowledge of good and evil, which God had forbidden. After
doing so, they became
ashamed of their nakedness and God expelled them from the Garden
to prevent them from eating from the tree of life and becoming immortal.
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