Topic: Quiz5 & Book discussion
- Penelope's weaving-In Homer's Odyssey, Penelope is the faithful wife of Odysseus, who keeps her suitors at bay in his long absence and is eventually reunited with him.
Penelope received the attentions of manysuitors. For a while, she put them off by saying that she would consider marriage only after she finished weaving a shroud for her father-in-law, Laertes, who was grieving over Odysseus's absence. Each day Penelope would sit weaving the cloth, but at night she would secretly unravel her work. After three years, a servant revealed Penelope's secret, and she had to finish the shroud. When her suitors became insistent again, Penelope announced that she would marry the man who could shoot an arrow through the loops on a row of 12 ax heads. [→The archery contest]- The scar
8. Eurycleia recognizes Odysseus based on what distinguishing feature?
(A) A scar on his leg
(B) His cunning
(C) The sound of his voice
(D) His “noble bearing”
Eurycleia is the only person to recognize him without him first revealing himself (as he did to Telemachus) after he returns home from the Trojan War.
After he enters his own house as a guest of Penelope disguised as a beggar, Eurycleia bathes him andrecognizes him by a scar just above his knee, which he got from a boar while hunting with his grandfather Autolycus.
- Polyphemus- is the giant son of Poseidon and Thoosa in Greek mythology, one of the Cyclopes described in Odyssey.
20. Why does Poseidon despise Odysseus?
(A) Odysseus does not respect the sea.
(B) Odysseus and his men attacked him.
(C) Odysseus tricked him with a disguise.
(D) Odysseus blinded his son.
In Homer's epic, Odysseus lands on the island of the Cyclops(Sicily) during his journey home from the Trojan War and, together with some of his men, enters a cave filled with provisions.
- Lotus-eaters -were a race of people living on an island dominated by lotus plants.
-"Odysseus removing his men from the company of the lotus-eaters"
The lotus fruits and flowers were the primary food of the island and werenarcotic, causing the people to sleep in peaceful apathy.
- Mentor[spiritual leader]
3. How does Athena disguise herself to make preparations for Telemachus’s journey?
(A) As a beggar
(B) As Antinous
(C) As Mentor
(D) As Mephistopheles
When Athena visited Telemachus she took the disguise of Mentor to hide herself from the suitors of Telemachus's mother Penelope.
As a Mentor, the goddess encouraged Telemachus to stand up against the suitors and go abroad to find out what happened to his father. When Odysseus returned to Ithaca, Athena appeared briefly in the form of Mentor again at Odysseus' palace.
*dis- :"apart, asunder" (負面字首:─)
disguise-(guise:"style, appearance")---to put out of one's usual manner"
discount
dismiss
- The name of Argos
(1)In Homer's Odyssey, Argos is Odysseus' faithful dog. Unlike everyone else, Argos recognizes Odysseus at once and he has just enough strength to drop his ears and wag his tail but cannot get up to greet his master.
(2)Argonaut-a band of heroes in Greek mythology, who in the years before the Trojan War, around 1300 BCE,accompanied Jason to Colchis in his quest to find the Golden Fleece.Their name comes from their ship, Argo, named after its builder, Argus. "Argonauts" literally means "Argo sailors".
*-naut: sailor;‧‧‧人
astronaut
dreadnaut
Juggernaut
(3)Argos panoptes-was a hundred-eyed giant who lived in the region of Argolis in the Peloponnese.
Zeus sent Hermes to surreptitiously rescue his lover. The god first tried to lull the giant to sleep with his music, but failing that, slew him with his sword. It was from this endeavour that he earned his familiar title Argeiphontes (literally "the slayer of Argos").
Hera rewarded Argos for his service by placing his hundred eyes on the tail of her sacred bird, the peacock.
5. Who first finds Odysseus on the island of Scheria?
(A) Telemachus
(B) King Alcinous
(C) Nausicaa
(D) Circe
Odysseus is shipwrecked on the coast of the island ofScheria (Phaeacia in some translations). Nausicaä and her handmaidens go to the sea-shore to wash clothes. Awoken by their games, Odysseus emerges from the forest completely naked, scaring the servants away, and begs Nausicaä for aid.
- Nymphs-Circe,the Sirens and Calypso
(1)Circe-a goddess of magic (or sometimes a nymph, witch, enchantress or sorceress),a goddess of the island of Aeaea where Odyseus rescues his men from her.
Circe was renowned for her vast knowledge of potions and herbs.Through the use of magical potions and a wand or a staff, shetransformed her enemies, or those who offended her, into animals.
(2)The Sirens- were dangerous yet beautiful creatures, who lured nearby sailors with their enchanting music and voices to shipwreck on the rocky coast of their island. They are sea nymphs who sing and call out to Odyseus and crew to come and join them on a mythical island. To do so would have been disasterous, and by plugging their ears with wax, they avoid the temptation.
(3)Calypso-was a nymph in Greek mythology, who lived on the island of Ogygia, where she detained Odysseus for several years. She is generally said to be the daughter of Atlas the Titan.
- Mephistopheles- is a demon featured in German folklore. He originally appeared in literature asthe demon in the Faust legend, and he has since appeared in other works as a stock character.
- Book Discussion
(1)Orestes-the son of Clytemnestra and Agamemnon.
Orestes is absent from Mycenae when his father, Agamemnon, returns from the Trojan War with the Trojan princess Cassandra as his concubine, and thus not present for Agamemnon's murder by his wife Clytemnestra's lover, Aegisthus. Seven years later, Orestes returns from Athens and avenges his father's death by slaying both Aegisthus and his own mother Clytemnestra.In the Odyssey, Orestes is held up as a favorable example to Telemachus, whose mother Penelope is plagued by suitors.
(2)Cassandra-the daughter of King Priam and Queen Hecuba of Troy.
Apollo gave her the power of prophecy in order to seduce her, but when she refused, he spat into her mouth cursing her never to be believed.She is a figure of epic tradition and of tragedy.
In Homer's Iliad, in which Agamemnon is forced to give up two women he had taken prisoner: Chryseis, the daughter of the priest of Apollo, and then Briseis, the girlfriend of Achilles. If the Greek soldiers gave Agamemnon Cassandra, this could be seen as payback for the two previous women he had to give up.
(3)Oedipus-a mythical Greek king of Thebes, the son and killer of Laius, son and consort of Jocasta, and father and sibling of Polynices, Eteocles, Antigone, and Ismene.
A tragic hero in Greek mythology, Oedipus accidentally fulfilled the prophecy, despite his efforts not to, that he would end up killing his father and marrying his mother, thereby bringing disaster to his city and family.
(4)Tiresias- a priest of Zeus, and as a young man he encountered two snakes mating and hit them with a stick. He was then transformed into a woman.
As a result of his experiences, Zeus and Hera asked him to settle the question of which sex, male or female, experienced more pleasure during intercourse. Zeus claimed it was women; Hera claimed it was men. When Tiresias sided with Zeus, Hera struck him blind.Since Zeus could not undo what she had done, he gave him the gift of prophecy.
(5)symbols of God
a.trident-Poseidon
b.owl-Athena
c.harp-Apollo
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