Topic:Quiz6& Book discussion:The Odyssey
- Quiz
4. What immortal is Odysseus' greatest nemesis?
A)Poseidon
B)Zeus
C)Hermes
D)Athena
*opponent[一時可敬的對手]-a person that you are playing or fighting against in a game, competition, argument, etc.;a person who is against something and tries to change or stop it
→opponents of abortion
*enemy[敵人]- a person who hates somebody or who acts or speaks against somebody/something
→Birds are the natural enemies of many insect pests.
*nemesis[天敵;寇讎]-the person or thing that causes somebody to lose their power, position, etc. and that cannot be avoided;a person or thing that has competed with somebody or been an enemy for a long time
→He strode out to face his old nemesis.
19. What is Odysseus frequently compared to in omens and dreams?
A) lion
B) bird of prey
C) shark
D) rabbit
*omen-"bad sign before the real thing happen"
*prey/predator
23. How many "acts," or distinct, major, and equal sections of narrative, is The Odyssey broken into
A)Two
B)Four
C)One
D)Three
*Book I~IV:Telemachus sneaks out to find his father
Book V~XIII foreshadow&flashback:Odysseus longs to return home to Ithaca, but the ten-year Trojan war and a series of delays have resulted in his absence of twenty years.
Book XIV~XXIV:Telemachus returns, and together the two kill all Penelope’s suitors. Penelope and Odysseus are reunited and Ithaca is at peace.
25. What rhythm and meter was The Odyssey originally composed in?
A) Iambic pentameter (penta-:5)
B)Anapestic tetrameter
C)Dactylic hexameter (hexa-:6)
D)Blank verse
*dactyl (poetry) - a metrical unit of verse
A dactyl is like a finger, having one long syllable followed by two short syllables.
- Book discussion
deficiency-(a) state of not having, or not having enough, of something that is needed
-a problem in the way something is made or formed
→sight deficiencies
decline
decrease
●Greek term:
a.Xenia/ˋzinɪə/-"guest-friendship", the ancient Greek concept ofhospitality, the generosity and courtesy shown to those who are far from home and/or associates of the person bestowing guest-friendship.
b.Hellens-is also another name for Greek, meaning a person of Greek descent or pertaining to Greek culture
Hellas-Greece,officially the Hellenic Republic and known since ancient times as Hellas, is a country located in southeastern Europe.
-As a supplication or prayer it implies to call upon God, a god or goddess, a person, etc. When a person calls upon God, a god, or goddess to ask for something (protection, a favour, his/her spiritual presence in a ceremony, etc.) or simply for worship, this can be done in a pre-established form or with the invoker's own words or actions.
●Trademark that became common words
a.xerox/ˈzɪərɒks/ -a proprietary name for photocopiers ; also used loosely to denote any photocopy.
→xerox copy(=carbon copy=c.c)
→Can you go xerox(=copy) this document for me?
b.Q-tip(=cotton swab) - a small, thin stick of plastic, paper, or wood with a cotton-wool swab at each end, used in personal hygiene, first aid, etc.
c.pamper-
1)to cram with food; to provide with an excessively rich diet; to feed or nourish (a person, animal, etc.) luxuriously. Formerly also with up.
2)to excessively indulge (an emotion, quality, thought, etc.).
→She had a whole evening in which to pamper herself.
●invocation(voc-:to call)[對神呼喊]-Supplication, prayer or spell /A form of possession /Command or conjuration /Self-identification with certain spirits
-As a supplication or prayer it implies to call upon God, a god or goddess, a person, etc. When a person calls upon God, a god, or goddess to ask for something (protection, a favour, his/her spiritual presence in a ceremony, etc.) or simply for worship, this can be done in a pre-established form or with the invoker's own words or actions.
●compare
elegy-"a short lyric poem associated with the death orsomething lost in the past or lamentation" (對自己失望的悼念，不一定是好話)
1)a song or poem of lamentation, esp. for the dead; a memorial poem. Also as a mass noun.
→Gray's 'Elegy in a Country Churchyard' is a famous English poem.
2)Music. A piece of instrumental music created as a lament or having a melancholic or mournful style.
3)A piece of writing, drama, art, etc., imbued with a sense of mourning or melancholy affection for something.
e.x E.E. cummings/Elizabeth Bishop-the art of losing(現代主義詩-表達個人情感)
c.f. eulogy(eu-:good)-"a speech that praises someone who has died"(頌辭-好話)
→The song was a eulogy to the joys of travelling.
●Oedipus complex- explains the emotions and ideas that the mind keeps in the unconscious, via dynamic repression, that concentrates upon a child's desire to have sexual relations with the parent of the opposite sex (i.e. males attracted to their mothers, and females attracted to their fathers).
●Electra complex-is a girl's psychosexual competition with her mother for possession of her father.
●Tantalus-as a Greek mythological figure, most famous for his eternal punishment in Tartarus. He was a son of Zeus and the nymph Plouto.
●Sisyphus-was the king of Ephyra (now known as Corinth). He was punished for his self-aggrandizing craftiness and deceitfulness by being forced to roll an immense boulder up a hill, only to watch it roll back down; repeating this action for eternity.
●Ithaca-"the rocky Ithaca",the city state of Odysseus,is a Greek island located in the Ionian Sea, off the northeast coast of Kefalonia and to the west of continental Greece.
●en-:"make;in"
treaty(n.)-a written agreement between two or more countries formally approved and signed by their leaders
→We've signed/concluded a treaty with neighbouring states to limit emissions of harmful gases.
entreaty(n.)-an attempt to persuade someone to do something;a serious and often emotional request
→She refused to become involved with him despite his passionateentreaties.
endure
engage
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